Who is more likely to have asthma?
Asthma is a disease in the world, more common in urban than in Rural and represents about 25 percent of all non-tuberculous lung diseases. It can occur at any age, but 50 percent of patients, appears before the age often. It is more common in boys than girls, but at the age of 30 years, the incidence is equal. Approximately 25-30 percent of asthmatic children heal spontaneously during adolescence, while the recovery of a few years later. Asthma occurring during adult life is more serious. Attacks are more frequent and prolonged.
Treatment
With the advancement of the methodology of treatment expectancy lives of people with asthma have increased dramatically in the past. The treatment of asthma includes a specific treatment to eliminate cause and symptomatic treatment.
Specific treatment
If the cause of asthma can be discovered, every effort should be made for the shipment to provide a complete and permanent relief. If the patient develops symptoms of allergy such as rash, itching, itching nasal discharge and potential allergen (substance that can cause allergies) should be identified. Its elimination is the most effective control of allergic asthma. If this is not possible, desensitization by the use of a specific allergen extract should be tried. In many cases of allergic asthma, the allergen is not identifiable and antiallergic drugs are judged. Some patients seasonal asthma, have benefited temporarily moving to another city before the start of a particular season, but this is not always possible.
If infection is the cause, the person must be protected stress and fatigue due to weather. frequent attacks of colds can lead to asthma. Intensive treatment with a specific antibiotic should be established immediately. The most common organisms are the offenses pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae. In these infections, broad spectrum antibiotics amoxicillin, cefuroxime or ampicillin are often effective.
Symptomatic
Drugs used for symptomatic relief are those bronchospasm prevent or bronchodilation. These can be divided into two groups: 1) for treatment during an acute attack, and 2) for the prevention and heatment chronic asthma.
For the acute
Simulants beta-adrenergic receptors: Salbutamol (Asthalin, Bronkotab, Ventrolin), terbutaline (Bricanyl) adrenaline
Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors in the lungs causes relaxation of the bronchioles and opens the airways. Salbutamol and terbutaline are the most effective.
Salbutamol (albuterol)
It is the drug most commonly used to produce dilation of small airways in asthma. For the acute crisis is administered by inhalation (when the patient inhales the drug for a deep breath through your nose pinched, training is necessary for best results). There are two types of inhalers are available.
Adrenaline
It has been tested time "golden standard" for the achievement of an acute bronchial asthma. However, because it alters the heart rate is now rarely used and its use should be avoided. For the same reason isoprenaline is not used today.
Direct acting drugs: theophylline, aminophylline Deriphylline
Theophylline and aminophylline preparation dilation causes, bronchioles by direct action. Aminophylline, which contains theophylline and ethylenediamine as a dissolving agent, is frequently used to provide immediate relief during an acute attack bronchial asthma. In this condition, aminophylline is given in a very dilute solution intravenously. Theophylline is also given by oral as well as ephedrine and other drugs, prevention of recurrent asthma attacks. These issues are addressed at the end of this chapter. Theophylline is more effective when administered during the night to prevent the onset of night attacks.
Dosage: average daily oral dose of theophylline is 100-200 mg 3-4 times daily. This is generally not tolerated by most patients. To provide immediate relief, aminophylline, which contains 250 mg of theophylline, diluted in 20 ml OF5% glucose and injected intravenously very slowly over a period 5-10 minutes. Deriphylline causes less gastric irritation and is better absorbed.
Side Effects and Precautions: irregularly theophylline absorbed orally and the effective dose to cause irritation in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, you should never take on an empty stomach. Adverse effects The most common are nausea, anorexia and vomiting. A rapid intravenous injection of theophylline can undiluted cause a sharp drop blood pressure and an irregular heartbeat.
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